The photovoltaic bracket is a special bracket designed for placing, installing and fixing solar panels in solar photovoltaic power generation systems. The general materials are aluminum alloy, carbon steel, and stainless steel. In the specific installation process, a suitable installation method needs to be selected according to different types of roofs.
Cement concrete roof
Concrete roof mounting solar mounting systems will use cement as the supporting base.
There are two ways of basic production, as follows:
1. On-site pouring of the cement foundation.
Advantages: Combined with the roof, the foundation is firm, and the amount of cement is small.
Disadvantages: The steel bars need to be embedded in advance on the roof of the building, or the cement foundation and the roof must be connected into one with expansion screws. This will easily damage the waterproof layer of the roof and cause water leakage over time.
2. It is necessary to accurately calculate the average annual wind speed and wind direction in different seasons at the project site, and calculate the positive wind pressure and negative wind pressure. Then calculate the cement-based counterweight based on the wind pressure. Pre-processed cement briquettes of the same size before transportation to the site for installation.
2. Color steel tile roof
Color steel tiles are generally used in buildings with light steel structures and are more commonly found in standardized factories and warehouses. Light steel structure buildings use light-weight colored steel tiles as the roof, and the span can be made very large. Very suitable for the large-scale laying of solar cell modules. The city's industrial parks are all standardized factory buildings constructed in tandem, with a large number and large area, and often can build tens of megawatts of solar power plants at a time.
The color steel tile is composed of a thin metal plate wrapped with foam board, and the bracket of the battery assembly cannot be fixed by the traditional method. Need to use a special "fixture", the use of fixtures will not damage the original structure, will not cause roof leakage or overall structural damage.
From the perspective of load-bearing: If installed at the optimal angle, it is inevitable to use more photovoltaic brackets to increase the weight of the roof. From a safety point of view, according to the best inclination angle, the component cannot be parallel to the roof, and additional wind pressure is generated when the wind is blowing, forming a hidden safety hazard. To sum up, the components can only be tiled on the color steel tile roof. The number of components installed is only related to the roof area and load-bearing, and there is no optimization significance.
3. Tile roof structure
This refers to the inclined roof with concrete under the tile surface. The installation method is generally to peel off the tiles, expand the screws above and below the concrete, install the hook adapter, and then return the tile cover. The key is to control the position of the expansion screws. Far away from the bottom edge of the tile. If you want to look better, you may need to sew the bottom edge of the tile to make a gap. Special attention should be paid to the thickness of the concrete, which cannot damage the waterproof structure of the roof.
The photovoltaic array is the connection of multiple photovoltaic modules, and it is also the connection of more photovoltaic cells. There are two ways to combine photovoltaic arrays and buildings: roof installation and side elevation installation. These two installation methods can cover the photovoltaic array installation forms of most buildings.
PV array roof installation forms mainly include a horizontal roof, inclined roof, and photovoltaic lighting roof. among them:
1. Horizontal roof:
1) On a horizontal roof, the photovoltaic array can be installed at the optimal angle to obtain the maximum power generation;
2) Conventional crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be used to reduce the investment cost of the modules. Often, the economy is relatively good, but the aesthetics are average.
2. Sloping roof:
1) In the northern hemisphere, roofs tilted to the south, southeast, southwest, east or west can be used to install photovoltaic arrays. On a tilted roof facing south, it can be installed at or near the optimal angle to obtain a large amount of power generation;
2) Conventional crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be used, with good performance, low cost, and good economy;
3) There is no conflict with the function of the building, and it can be closely combined with the roof, which has better aesthetics. The power generation performance of other (south-to-south) roofs is second.
3. Photovoltaic lighting roof:
1) The use of transparent photovoltaic cells as building elements for daylighting ceilings has good aesthetics and meets the needs of light transmission.
2) Photovoltaic lighting roof requires transparent components, and the efficiency of the components is low;
3) In addition to power generation and transparency, daylighting roof members must meet certain architectural requirements such as mechanics, aesthetics, structural connection, and high component costs;
4) The high cost of power generation;
5) Enhance the social value of the building and bring the effect of the green concept.
Elevation installation Side elevation installation mainly refers to the installation of photovoltaic modules on the south wall of the building, (on the northern hemisphere), and on the west wall. For multi-rise and high-rise buildings, the wall is the outer surface with the largest area of contact with sunlight, and the photovoltaic curtain wall vertical photovoltaic curtain wall is a more common application form. According to the design needs, transparent, translucent and ordinary transparent glass can be used in combination to create different building facades and indoor light and shadow effects.
Double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall, point-supported photovoltaic curtain wall, and unit photovoltaic curtain wall are the more common forms of photovoltaic curtain wall installation. At present, the cost of the components used for curtain wall installation is high, the progress of the photovoltaic system project is restricted by the overall progress of the building, and because the photovoltaic array deviates from the optimal installation angle, the output power is low. In addition to photovoltaic glass curtain walls, photovoltaic facades, photovoltaic awnings, etc. can also be used for building facade installation.